Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Hà Nội môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề HN-101

(23) __________ . Determined to change, I joined a local public speaking club and practiced giving short speeches every week. Initially, it was terrifying, but with each attempt, I learned to manage my nerves and focus on my message. (24) __________

Have you ever wondered how electricity reaches your home? The journey begins at a large power plant. Here, enormous generators (25) __________ electricity by using energy from sources like coal, gas, or wind. After it is generated, the electricity's voltage is increased by a step-up transformer. This is important because high-voltage electricity travels more efficiently. (26) __________, large transmission lines carry the power across the country.

When the electricity reaches a local area, a smaller substation reduces the voltage to a safer level. From there, the electricity (27) __________ through smaller distribution lines to your neighborhood. These are the lines (28) __________ you often see on wooden poles along the street. This entire complex network is what (29) __________ our modern lives possible. It is a system we have relied on for many years, and it (30) __________ to evolve with new technologies like smart grids.

Self-driving cars, also known as autonomous vehicles (AVs), represent one of the biggest goals in the world of technology. Major companies are investing billions of dollars to create cars that can operate entirely without a human driver. This futuristic technology promises to make roads safer and give people more free time during their commutes.

In Vietnam, however, this dream encounters a unique reality. The traffic in major cities like Ho Chi Minh City is famous for its chaos, with thousands of motorbikes weaving through lanes in unpredictable patterns. Developing an AV that can safely navigate this environment is an extremely ambitious goal. Vietnamese company VinFast is actively tackling this challenge, developing and testing its own autonomous features for local road conditions.

So, how do these cars 'see' the world? They rely on a combination of advanced cameras and sensors to build a complete, 360-degree map of their surroundings. An Artificial Intelligence (AI) brain then processes all this data to make split-second driving decisions. When they detect a pedestrian or another vehicle, the AI must react instantly and correctly. The technology is often described in 'Levels of Autonomy,' and achieving the higher levels where the car is fully independent is a very complex task.

For teenagers who experience this busy traffic every day, the concept of a robot driver is both fascinating and a little daunting. Could a machine ever truly understand the unwritten rules of Vietnam's roads? As this technology continues to evolve, it forces us to consider important questions about safety, trust, and the future of transportation in our crowded cities.

Recycling is often presented as a simple solution to our waste problem. However, a phenomenon known as "wishcycling"—the tendency to recycle items hoping they are recyclable—often complicates the process. This good intention can paradoxically lead to more waste. (37) __________, the entire batch may be sent to a landfill. This happens because separating contaminated materials is too expensive for many facilities.

Furthermore, there's a psychological trap. Some people believe that because they recycle, they can consume more disposable products. (38) __________. Therefore, the focus should shift from just recycling to the more important "R's": reduce and reuse. Simply put, (39) __________ is far more effective than trying to manage it afterwards. (40) __________.

A. This mindset essentially cancels out the benefits of recycling

B. We must become more mindful consumers to truly make a difference

C. When non-recyclable items contaminate a batch of recyclables

D. creating less waste in the first place