Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Hà Nội môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề HN-132

(23) __________. Many people are surprised to find that a small package often contains multiple servings. Being aware of this helps you accurately calculate your total intake of different nutrients. (24) __________

A Tunnel Boring Machine, or TBM, is a massive piece of equipment used for excavating tunnels. TBMs can be hundreds of meters long and require (25) __________ specialized workers to operate. They are essentially mobile factories that dig tunnels (26) __________ the ground with a large, rotating cutter head. This cutter head has to (27) __________ different types of rock and soil, breaking them into smaller pieces. A conveyor system then transports this material out of the tunnel.

As the TBM moves forward, it doesn't just dig. It also installs curved concrete segments to form the tunnel lining behind it. (28) __________, it creates a finished tunnel as it advances. The positive (29) __________ of TBMs on urban development is enormous. If we didn't have TBMs, building a long tunnel under a city (30) __________ much more difficult and dangerous.

For many teenagers, leather goods like sneakers, bags, and jackets are key fashion items. However, the production of traditional animal leather raises ethical questions about animal welfare and has a significant environmental impact. In response, science is offering a revolutionary alternative: lab-grown leather. This new material is gaining attention, especially among young consumers who want their style choices to also be responsible choices, blending fashion with a conscience.

So, how is this 'bio-leather' made? Instead of coming from animals, it is grown using biotechnology. One of the most promising methods involves using mycelium, which is the root structure of mushrooms. These roots can be grown into a solid mat that looks and feels very much like leather. Another innovative process uses engineered yeast to produce collagen, the same protein that makes up animal skin. This collagen is then formed into a leather-like material.

The advantages of bio-leather are clear. It is cruelty-free, meaning no animals are harmed. Its production also typically uses less water and fewer harmful chemicals than traditional leather tanning. However, the technology is not without its challenges. Currently, production costs are high, and scaling up to meet global demand is a major hurdle. Convincing a market accustomed to traditional leather to adopt this new material is also not a minor task.

While countries like Vietnam have a large and established leather and footwear industry that still relies on conventional animal hides, local innovators and fashion brands are watching these global developments closely. They see the potential for a more sustainable future. As this technology improves and becomes more affordable, bio-leather could transform the fashion industry, offering a future where the accessories we love are both stylish and kind to the planet.

While remote work offers flexibility, the move away from traditional offices has social side effects we are only now beginning to understand. The office wasn't just a place to complete tasks; it was a social hub. Spontaneous conversations in the hallway or during lunch were vital for team bonding and creative brainstorming, (37) __________. These informal interactions often led to new ideas and a stronger company culture.

As we spend more time working alone, we risk losing these important social connections. (38) __________. Without the daily routine of commuting and seeing colleagues, the line between work and personal life can blur, (39) __________. Many companies are now trying to find a balance, perhaps through a hybrid model. (40) __________.

A. leading to burnout and a feeling of being disconnected

B. This isolation can negatively affect mental well-being and job satisfaction

C. Ultimately, they must recognize that building a strong team requires more than just digital tools

D. fostering a sense of community that is difficult to replicate online