Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Hà Nội môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề HN-32

(23) __________. These weren't the items of someone just passing through the woods; they belonged to an active participant. (24) __________

El Niño is a natural climate pattern characterized by the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean. This event, which occurs every few years, can have a huge impact on global weather. The term 'El Niño' (25) __________ by fishermen off the coast of South America to refer to a warm ocean current they noticed.

During an El Niño, trade winds, (26) __________ normally blow west across the Pacific, weaken or reverse direction. This change allows the large area of warm water to move eastwards. (27) __________, this shift leads to dramatic changes in weather patterns. Some areas may get much more rain than usual, while others experience severe droughts. This can (28) __________ a lot of damage to agriculture and local communities. For instance, a powerful El Niño in 2016 (29) __________ a global temperature record. Scientists work hard to (30) __________ awareness about these events so people can prepare.

Have you ever looked up at the night sky from a city and wondered where the stars went? The answer is a modern problem: light pollution. This phenomenon, visible as a bright "sky glow" above urban areas, is caused by excessive artificial light. It obscures our view of the cosmos and has significant environmental impacts that we are only now beginning to fully understand.

Major cities worldwide, including developing ones like Ho Chi Minh City, are hotspots. The constant illumination from skyscrapers, streetlights, and giant digital billboards all contribute to the brightness. While intended for safety and commerce, this nonstop lighting creates a luminous blanket over the city, effectively erasing the natural darkness of night and changing the urban environment after sunset.

The consequences extend far beyond a starless sky. Nocturnal animals, from migratory birds to sea turtles, are severely affected. Their life cycles, which depend on natural patterns of light and dark, are disrupted. This artificial light can confuse their navigation, alter their hunting habits, and interfere with reproduction. It is a serious threat to urban ecosystems, showing that our light has a dark side.

Beyond ecological damage, light pollution is also a significant waste of energy and money. The problem, however, is not without solutions. Implementing smarter lighting designs, such as shielded fixtures that direct light downwards and using motion-sensor lights, can make a huge difference. By being more mindful, we can help reclaim the stars and protect the delicate balance of the nighttime world.

For over a century, a policy known as 'fire suppression' was the standard approach to managing forests. The idea seemed simple: prevent all wildfires, no matter how small, to protect homes and nature. This policy, however, has had a disastrous, unintended consequence. Naturally occurring, low-intensity fires are essential for a healthy forest ecosystem, (37) __________. By preventing these small fires, fire suppression allowed this 'fuel' to build up for decades.

Now, when a fire does start, often ignited by lightning or human carelessness, it encounters an enormous amount of flammable material. Instead of a small fire that clears the ground, the result is a catastrophic megafire that burns hotter and spreads faster than ever before. These modern wildfires are so intense that they can destroy entire forests, (38) __________. Firefighters find these blazes nearly impossible to control, (39) __________. Therefore, experts now advocate for a new approach called 'prescribed burning,' which involves intentionally setting controlled fires (40) __________. This shift in strategy recognizes that fire, when managed correctly, is not always the enemy.

A. leaving behind a barren landscape that struggles to recover

B. to mimic the natural process and reduce the dangerous buildup of fuel

C. putting communities and ecosystems at unprecedented risk

D. clearing out the underbrush and dead plant material that accumulates on the forest floor