Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Hà Tĩnh môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề HTI-118

Venus is often called Earth's 'twin' planet. This is because it is very similar in size and mass to our own world. For a long time, people (24) __________ that Venus might have oceans and life, just like Earth. It is a planet (25) __________ has fascinated scientists for centuries. Because of its bright appearance in the sky, it can easily (26) __________ without a telescope.

(27) __________, modern space missions have revealed a very different reality. The surface of Venus is incredibly hot, with temperatures high enough to melt lead. It has a thick, toxic atmosphere that (28) __________ a strong greenhouse effect, trapping heat. This atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide. The pressure on the surface is also extreme, more than 90 times that of Earth. This makes it impossible for humans to (29) __________ foot on the planet without being crushed instantly. So, while it's our 'twin,' it's not a very friendly one!

For many teenagers, leather goods like sneakers, bags, and jackets are key fashion items. However, the production of traditional animal leather raises ethical questions about animal welfare and has a significant environmental impact. In response, science is offering a revolutionary alternative: lab-grown leather. This new material is gaining attention, especially among young consumers who want their style choices to also be responsible choices, blending fashion with a conscience.

So, how is this 'bio-leather' made? Instead of coming from animals, it is grown using biotechnology. One of the most promising methods involves using mycelium, which is the root structure of mushrooms. These roots can be grown into a solid mat that looks and feels very much like leather. Another innovative process uses engineered yeast to produce collagen, the same protein that makes up animal skin. This collagen is then formed into a leather-like material.

The advantages of bio-leather are clear. It is cruelty-free, meaning no animals are harmed. Its production also typically uses less water and fewer harmful chemicals than traditional leather tanning. However, the technology is not without its challenges. Currently, production costs are high, and scaling up to meet global demand is a major hurdle. Convincing a market accustomed to traditional leather to adopt this new material is also not a minor task.

While countries like Vietnam have a large and established leather and footwear industry that still relies on conventional animal hides, local innovators and fashion brands are watching these global developments closely. They see the potential for a more sustainable future. As this technology improves and becomes more affordable, bio-leather could transform the fashion industry, offering a future where the accessories we love are both stylish and kind to the planet.