Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-148

Have you ever wondered what’s inside the common pencil you use every day? It may seem simple, but its creation is a fascinating process. The two main components are the pencil lead, which makes the mark, and the wood case that surrounds it. Contrary to its name, pencil lead contains no actual lead. Instead, it is a special mixture of natural materials.

The core is made by (35) __________ graphite and clay together and grinding them into (36) __________ fine powder. The amount of clay determines the hardness of the pencil; more clay results in a harder, lighter mark. This mixture is then baked in a hot oven (37) __________ harden it, creating a solid stick. This baking process is crucial for the strength of the final product.

While the lead is prepared, blocks of cedar wood are (38) __________ into thin slats, each half the thickness of a final pencil. A machine then carves several long, parallel grooves into each slat. A factory manager once explained that precision (39) __________ essential at this stage to ensure the lead would fit perfectly inside the grooves without rattling or breaking.

Next, the graphite-clay sticks are carefully placed into the grooves of one slat. A second grooved slat, with a layer of strong glue applied to it, is then placed on top, sandwiching the leads between the two pieces of wood. If the glue (40) __________ evenly, the pencil could easily break when sharpened. The whole 'sandwich' is then put under pressure until the glue dries completely.

Once assembled, the wooden block is cut into individual pencils. Each one is shaped, sanded smooth, and given several coats of paint. For many brands, adding their logo and a shiny finish is the (41) __________. The final step often involves (42) __________ a metal ring, called a ferrule, and the familiar pink eraser to one end.

Cyberbullying is a serious challenge that teenagers face worldwide. A particularly harmful form of this is 'trolling', where anonymous users post hateful or provocative comments to upset others. In Vietnam, this issue has been highly visible, with public figures like singer Thủy Tiên facing massive, coordinated online attacks. These incidents show how damaging online hate can be, but the problem isn't limited to celebrities. It can happen on anyone's social media, from a popular TikTokker's comment section to a friend's personal Instagram post.

The psychological impact of online hate is significant because of its relentless nature. Unlike face-to-face bullying, cyberbullying can follow a person home. The pervasive nature of social media means that a negative comment can be seen by hundreds of people, amplifying feelings of shame and isolation. The anonymity of the trolls makes it worse; it feels like an attack from a faceless crowd, which can be incredibly stressful and damaging to a teenager's mental health and self-esteem.

When faced with a hateful comment, the initial instinct for many is to fight back or defend themselves. They feel an urgent need to correct the misinformation or prove the troll wrong. However, psychology experts warn that this is often the least effective strategy. Trolls are not looking for a logical debate; they thrive on getting a reaction. Engaging with them gives them the attention they crave and often leads to an escalation, pulling the victim into a negative and draining cycle of argument.

A much smarter approach can be summarized by a simple three-step rule: Ignore, Block, Report. The first and most powerful step is to ignore the comment completely. By not responding, you deny the troll their primary goal: your emotional reaction. If the harassment continues, the second step is to block the user. This is not a sign of weakness; it is an act of self-care, creating a digital boundary to protect your peace. The third step, for serious or repeated harassment, is to report the comment and the account to the platform. This helps enforce community standards and can prevent the troll from harassing others.

Ultimately, learning how to respond to online hate is a crucial skill for navigating the digital world. The goal isn't to 'win' an argument with an anonymous stranger, but to protect your own mental well-being. Remember that a troll's words are a reflection of their own issues, not your worth. By choosing not to engage and using the tools available—like blocking and reporting—you take back control and prioritize what truly matters: your health and happiness.