Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-36

Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system, is also the closest to the Sun. It is well-known for its (35) __________ temperatures, which are more varied than on any other planet. This reputation isn't just a guess; it's a scientific fact based on its unique planetary characteristics. Mercury offers a fascinating case study in how a planet’s environment is shaped by its position and composition.

The first reason for these dramatic differences is its proximity to the Sun. Because it is so near the Sun, it is much (36) __________ than Earth during its day. Temperatures on the sun-facing side can reach an incredible 430°C, hot enough to melt lead. (37) __________ makes it impossible for liquid water to exist on most of the surface, creating a barren, rocky landscape.

However, Mercury's night side tells a completely different story. The temperature can drop to a shocking -180°C. This happens because Mercury has almost no atmosphere to trap heat. Without a thick blanket of gas, heat (38) __________ easily escape into space once that side of the planet rotates away from the Sun. This lack of an atmosphere is the primary reason for the planet's dramatic temperature (39) __________.

We can contrast this with Earth. Unlike Mercury, our planet is able to (40) __________ a stable climate because its atmosphere traps the Sun's heat like a greenhouse. Not only does Earth's atmosphere provide breathable air, but (41) __________ regulates temperature, preventing such extreme swings from day to night. This makes Earth suitable for life.

(42) __________, Mercury's story is one of dualities: scorching heat due to its closeness to the Sun and freezing cold due to its lack of a protective atmosphere. These two factors combine to make Mercury a true planet of extremes, one of the most inhospitable yet interesting worlds in our solar system.

In a small, bustling alley in Ho Chi Minh City, the air is thick with the smell of engine oil and the constant noise of tools. This is the world of Mr. Ba, a humble motorbike repairman. By day, he skillfully fixes engines and replaces tires, his hands perpetually stained with grease. But when the sun sets and most shopkeepers close for the night, Mr. Ba’s small garage undergoes a remarkable transformation. His real work, the work of his heart, is about to begin.

The idea for his night class was born from observation. Mr. Ba noticed many children from poor migrant families in his neighborhood struggling with their homework. Their parents, often working long hours as street vendors or construction workers, lacked the time or education to help them. Believing that education was the only way out of poverty, he decided to act. He cleaned a corner of his garage, set up a secondhand blackboard, and gathered some chalk. At first, it was a challenge to convince parents, who were skeptical, but his persistence and genuine care soon won them over.

Every evening at 7 p.m., the sounds of engines are replaced by the murmur of young voices reciting lessons. The greasy floor is covered with simple mats where about 15 children, aged 8 to 14, sit and learn. Mr. Ba, now a teacher, patiently explains math problems and helps with Vietnamese literature. He is not a certified educator, but he is a dedicated one. He spends his own money on notebooks and pens for the children, and his only payment is seeing the spark of understanding in their eyes. The atmosphere is one of focus, warmth, and shared purpose.

The effects of Mr. Ba’s efforts have become visible over time. The children’s school grades have improved significantly, but more importantly, they have gained confidence and a safe, encouraging environment to learn and grow. His small initiative has created a ripple effect in the community. Other residents, inspired by his selflessness, have started to contribute. Some bring snacks for the children, others donate old books and school supplies. They see that it is not just a class; it is an investment in the neighborhood's future.

When asked why he does it, Mr. Ba simply smiles and says, “I’m not a hero. I just had a bit of knowledge and some spare time. Knowledge is the only thing that can truly change their future.” His story is a powerful reminder that philanthropy is not about the size of the donation, but the size of the heart. It demonstrates that one person’s commitment can illuminate the path for many others.