Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường THPT Chuyên KHXH môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề KHXH-50

Have you ever wondered why our year has 365 days, but a year on another planet might be much shorter or longer? The answer lies in basic celestial mechanics. A planet's 'year' is the time it takes to (35) __________ one full journey, or revolution, around its star. This period is determined by the planet's orbit—the path it follows through space. Each planet in our solar system travels around the Sun, but not all of them take the same amount of time to finish their trip.

Let's take our home, Earth. Its orbit around the Sun is a very long journey. The time it takes for Earth to travel this entire path is approximately 365.25 days. (36) __________ is what we define as one Earth year and why we add a leap day to our calendar every four years. This concept of a year is entirely based on our planet's movement through space, a fundamental cycle of time for us.

Now, consider other planets. Mercury, the planet closest to the Sun, has a much smaller orbit. Because its path is shorter, its year is only 88 Earth days long. In contrast, Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth is. Consequently, Mars's orbit is larger, and it has a (37) __________ journey to make. A year on Mars is much longer, lasting about 687 Earth days, which is almost twice as long as Earth's year.

(38) __________ does the orbital path get larger for distant planets, but their travel speed also decreases. They move more slowly due to the star's weaker gravitational pull. Therefore, they have to (39) __________ a greater distance at a slower speed. For this reason, we (40) __________ conclude that a planet's distance from its star is the most important factor that influences the length of its year.

(41) __________, the length of a 'year' is unique to each planet because of its position. The (42) __________ path a planet follows around its star, called an orbit, and the speed at which it travels, both depend on this position. From the swift 88-day year of Mercury to the nearly two-year-long journey of Mars, each planet's calendar is a unique result of its place in the solar system.

Have you ever scrolled through your social media feed and felt that everyone somehow looks the same? From the way they pose to the style of their clothes, a certain 'perfect' image seems to be everywhere. This isn't just a coincidence. It's the result of powerful global trends that shape our ideas of beauty, putting immense pressure on teenagers to conform, often before they’ve had a chance to figure out who they are and what they truly like.

For decades, global media, including Hollywood films and international fashion magazines, has promoted a very narrow set of beauty standards. These ideals, often based on Western features, were presented as the universal definition of attractiveness. Today, the internet and social media have accelerated this process, but they have also diversified the sources of influence. While Western standards are still present, other cultures have become incredibly influential. The most dominant cultural waves now spread instantly across the globe through platforms like TikTok and Instagram, creating new, but often equally restrictive, beauty templates.

In Vietnam, the influence of the 'Hallyu' or Korean Wave is undeniable. K-pop idols and stars from Korean dramas have become major style icons for Vietnamese youth. Trends like 'glass skin'—a desire for a perfectly clear, luminous, and dewy complexion—and the V-line jaw have become highly sought-after beauty goals. Popular Korean cosmetic brands, such as Innisfree and Laneige, have massive storefronts in Vietnamese cities and market their products heavily. These brands don't just sell products; they sell an aspirational lifestyle and a specific look that is constantly reinforced by popular media, making it a powerful force in the local beauty scene.

The consequences of this constant exposure can be significant for teenagers. The pressure to achieve these specific looks can lead to feelings of anxiety and low self-esteem if they feel they don't measure up. There is also a financial burden, as keeping up with the latest trends in skincare and makeup can be expensive. This environment encourages constant comparison with filtered, professionally curated images of celebrities and influencers, which is an unrealistic and often disheartening benchmark for anyone, especially for young people who are in the sensitive process of forming their own identity.

So, what's the solution? It starts with recognizing that these beauty standards are not universal truths but are commercially driven trends. It is important to think critically about the media you consume and whose interests it serves. Embracing individuality and celebrating diverse forms of beauty is a powerful antidote. True beauty isn't about having the trendiest look or the most flawless skin; it's about confidence, kindness, and being comfortable and happy with the unique person you are.