Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-136

A lever is a type of simple machine, a basic mechanical device which helps to make work easier. It is one of the most fundamental tools in engineering and everyday life. A lever is essentially a long, rigid bar or beam that pivots on a fixed point. This fixed point is known as the fulcrum. The main purpose of a lever is to lift or move a weight with less force than would be needed without it.

Every lever consists of three main components. The first is the fulcrum, the pivot point. The second is the load, which is the object or weight that needs to be moved. The third component is the effort, which is the force that (21) __________ to the lever in order to move the load. The interaction between these three parts is what gives the lever its mechanical advantage, allowing a person to accomplish tasks that would otherwise be very difficult.

The way a lever works is all about distance and force. By changing the position of the fulcrum relative to the load and the effort, you can (22) __________ change the amount of force required. For example, if the fulcrum is placed closer to the load, (23) __________ effort is needed to lift it. This mechanical advantage allows a small force to be magnified into a much greater force, making it possible to move very heavy objects.

You can find levers all around you. A seesaw on a playground is a perfect example, where the pivot in the middle is the fulcrum. A crowbar uses the same principle to pull out nails, and a bottle opener allows you to remove a cap with minimal effort. Although, these tools might look different, they all use the same core mechanics to make work easier. Each one has a fulcrum, a load to act upon, and a point where effort is applied.

In conclusion, the lever is a powerful tool because of its simple design and effective application of physical laws. The basic (24) __________ behind it—trading a small force over a larger distance to move a heavy load over a shorter distance—has been used by engineers for centuries. It proves that even the simplest ideas can have a great impact on our ability to shape the world around us.

We often dream of escaping, but beyond beautiful sights and delicious food, could a mere two-week vacation truly alter who you are? Psychologists and sociologists have long studied travel's profound effects on personality, creativity, and perspective. Far from just a temporary escape, travel is increasingly viewed as a powerful tool for personal growth, capable of subtly, yet significantly, shifting our internal landscapes by prompting us to step away from familiar routines and open up to new experiences.

[I] The transformation isn't magical; it stems from navigating unfamiliar environments. In a new place, you're constantly adapting – deciphering a foreign language, finding your way, or trying new foods. These acts of problem-solving and stepping out of your comfort zone build resilience and confidence. Travel forces you to confront the unexpected, fostering adaptability and opening your mind to diverse ways of life. Even a short period away can challenge preconceived notions, leading to a more flexible mindset.

[II] Following years of strict travel restrictions, the surge in domestic tourism was widely dubbed "revenge travel," a powerful expression of Vietnamese people's profound desire to rediscover their country, reconnect, and de-stress. [III] This wasn't just about leisure; it highlighted a human impulse to seek new experiences, find emotional release, and restore normalcy and joy through discovery. It showed travel is often a psychological necessity for well-being.

For young people, especially 14-15 year olds, at a pivotal stage of personality and worldview formation, travel holds immense potential. Experiencing diverse cultures and situations firsthand can be incredibly empowering. It boosts self-reliance when you navigate a new city or communicate across language barriers. Such experiences significantly enhance your confidence, push comfort zones, and inspire open-mindedness. Understanding how these real-world interactions shape your personal development is crucial as you grow and define who you want to be.

[IV] So, can a two-week vacation change you? While it might not rewrite your entire identity, it certainly possesses the power to ignite significant internal shifts. It’s not just about destinations, but the journey of self-discovery. By exposing us to new stimuli, challenging assumptions, and fostering adaptability, even a brief period of travel can leave an indelible mark, broadening perspectives, enhancing resilience, and ultimately contributing to a richer, more well-rounded sense of self. The true souvenirs are often the subtle changes within us.