Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-148

Floods are one of nature's most (21) __________ natural disasters, affecting communities worldwide. They occur when an overflow of water submerges land that is usually dry. While the effects are clear, the causes can be varied. Understanding these hydrological forces is crucial for predicting and managing flood risks.

The most frequent cause is heavy rainfall. When too much rain falls too quickly, the ground cannot absorb it all, causing water to build up. In some cases, intense rainfall can lead to flash floods, which are sudden and extremely dangerous, especially in hilly areas where water travels downhill rapidly.

In addition, floods are often caused by overflowing rivers. After heavy rain or snowmelt, river levels may rise significantly. When a river collects more water than its riverbanks can hold, it will flow over the surrounding land. (22) __________ is a common cause of flooding in low-lying areas near major river systems.

Furthermore, human factors can play a role. Dam failures can release a catastrophic amount of water. Among all types, flash floods are often the most dangerous because they happen with little warning. Urban areas are (23) __________ vulnerable because concrete prevents water absorption. Rarely do communities have enough time to prepare for a sudden dam failure.

(24) __________, flooding is a complex issue with multiple causes, from natural weather to human actions. Whether it's a river slowly overflowing its banks or a sudden flash flood, the result is an excess of water. Understanding these various causes is the first step toward creating safer communities.

Imagine the thrill of Tet holiday, not just for the festive atmosphere and delicious food, but also for the crisp banknotes nestled inside bright red envelopes – your lì xì. Or perhaps it's your birthday, and thoughtful relatives hand you a gift of cash. [I] For many, this initial sum sparks dreams of a new video game, a trendy outfit, or a fancy smartphone. But beyond immediate desires, how you manage this money now can set the stage for future financial habits. [II]

In today's fast-paced world, handling money isn't always about crisp banknotes. [III] With the rise of digital platforms like MoMo, your lì xì or weekly allowance might land directly into an e-wallet. This shift makes managing funds incredibly convenient, yet it demands new awareness. You can check balances, make online purchases, or send money with just a few taps. This ease makes financial literacy – understanding and using financial skills – more crucial than ever. It's about navigating a world where money moves digitally and quickly.

So, what does it truly mean to be 'smart with your money'? Financial literacy for young people involves mastering fundamental concepts: budgeting and saving. Budgeting is planning how you’ll spend money, ensuring enough for needs and wants, avoiding impulse buys. Saving is setting aside funds for future goals. Dreaming of a new phone or gaming console? Learning to save consistently, perhaps from each lì xì or allowance, is your first concrete step towards achieving these aspirations. These practices are the foundation of true financial independence. [IV]

Ignoring these basic principles can lead to pitfalls. Impulse spending, for instance, is buying on a whim without considering your budget, often leaving you short for important purchases. While serious debt might seem far off, even small loans from friends not repaid promptly teach bad habits. Understanding needs versus wants, and resisting the urge to spend every coin immediately, protects your financial well-being. These early lessons in managing your lì xì can prevent bigger headaches down the line.

The skills you develop now, whether budgeting your lì xì or diligently saving for that video game, are invaluable. They are the building blocks of financial independence, preparing you for bigger responsibilities like college, buying a car, or planning for your first home. Starting early ensures a stronger foundation for making sound financial decisions throughout your life. So, the next time you receive money, pause and think: how can I be smart with my money today to benefit myself tomorrow?