Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-18

Modern health technology has made everyday medical devices safer and more convenient than ever before. A perfect example is the digital thermometer, now common in homes and hospitals. Unlike older glass thermometers that used mercury, today's electronic versions provide a fast reading without the risk of toxic materials. They are generally more accurate and easier to read, thanks to their clear digital screens. The technology inside these devices is surprisingly straightforward, centered around a special electronic component.

At the heart of every digital thermometer is a sensor called a thermistor. The name comes from a combination of the words 'thermal' and 'resistor'. A thermistor is a type of resistor whose electrical resistance changes significantly with temperature. The entire function of the thermometer (21) __________ this predictable relationship. The material used to make the thermistor is a special semiconductor, engineered to be highly sensitive to even small fluctuations in heat.

When you place the tip of the thermometer under your tongue or arm, the heat from your body transfers to the thermistor. As the thermistor's temperature rises, its electrical resistance decreases, which then alters the flow of electricity through it. A tiny computer inside the device, called a microcontroller, constantly monitors this electrical resistance. Once the resistance stops changing, the microcontroller knows that the sensor has reached the same temperature as the body, and it can then calculate the final reading.

The microcontroller does not directly measure temperature. Instead, it measures the electrical resistance and then uses a pre-programmed mathematical formula to convert that resistance value into a temperature reading, such as Celsius or Fahrenheit. To do this (22) __________, the microcontroller must (23) __________ a calculation based on the thermistor's known properties. Scarcely does the process take more than a minute. The final calculated temperature is then sent to a small liquid-crystal display (LCD), which shows the numbers we can easily read.

(24) __________, the digital thermometer works by translating a physical property—heat—into an electrical signal, which is then converted into a digital number. This clever, multi-step process is what allows for the fast, safe, and accurate temperature measurements that are so important for monitoring our health. It’s a simple but brilliant piece of everyday health technology.

Lab-grown leather, an exciting frontier in material science, is revolutionizing fashion and sustainability. [I] Unlike traditional animal leather, this innovative material is cultivated in laboratories using biotechnological processes. Imagine leather grown from mushroom cells, known as mycelium, or specialized yeast. This cutting-edge approach bypasses many conventional steps, offering a glimpse into a future where textiles are engineered with precision, promising a more ethical and sustainable alternative.

The primary appeal of lab-grown leather lies in its potential to mitigate environmental and ethical concerns of traditional leather. Raising livestock for hides contributes to deforestation, significant water usage, and greenhouse gas emissions. Tanning often involves harsh chemicals. Lab-grown alternatives can be engineered to be biodegradable, use fewer resources, and eliminate the need for animal farming. This biotechnological marvel presents a compelling solution for a more responsible fashion industry, moving towards a circular economy.

For young consumers, especially 14-15 year olds, lab-grown leather's implications are significant. Think about your favorite sneakers, jackets, or accessories – many currently use animal leather. This emerging technology means you could soon own high-quality, durable, fashionable items aligning with your values. It’s more than aesthetics; it’s making a conscious choice for fashion that is both cool and kind. As awareness grows about ethical consumption, lab-grown leather offers a tangible way to blend personal style with a better planet.

While Vietnam boasts a significant global presence in traditional leather and footwear, relying on conventional materials, local fashion designers and material innovators are keenly observing global advancements. [II] Though large-scale adoption might take time, Vietnamese companies are exploring how these biotechnological textiles could integrate into their supply chains. [III] This could lead to new export opportunities and a more diversified industry, as the nation seeks to maintain its competitive edge.

The question "Is Lab-Grown Leather the Future of Fashion?" seems increasingly answered with a resounding "yes." This innovative material holds immense promise, offering a path towards fashion that is stylish, high-performing, and genuinely sustainable and animal-friendly. [IV] As scientific research advances and production scales, lab-grown leather could become mainstream, reshaping consumer choices and industry practices. It's a testament to how biotechnology can impact everyday life, proving fashion can evolve without compromising our planet or principles.