Đề ôn thi Đề thi vào lớp 10 Trường Phổ thông Năng khiếu môn Tiếng Anh - Mã đề PTNK-42

A dome is a beautiful architectural element, famous for its ability to enclose a large area without the need for internal columns. This creates a vast, open, and spacious interior. Essentially, a dome is a three-dimensional arch, rotated 360 degrees around its central vertical axis. It is a self-supporting structure, meaning its own shape gives it strength. The curved surface is not just for appearance; it is key to its stability.

The genius of the dome lies in how it manages weight. The force of gravity pulls the materials downwards, but the dome’s curved shape redirects this force outwards, along its surface. This outward push is known as "thrust." For a dome to be (21) __________ sound, this thrust has to be managed. If it is not properly contained, the base of the dome will spread apart, and the entire structure will collapse.

(22) __________, architects developed clever ways to counter this outward thrust. The base of the dome must be supported by very thick, heavy walls or by external supports called buttresses. These elements push back against the dome's outward force, creating a state of equilibrium. The weight is safely channeled downwards into the ground through these strong foundations.

Perhaps (23) __________ example of a dome is the Pantheon in Rome, built nearly 2,000 years ago. Its concrete dome is still the largest unreinforced concrete dome in the world, and it was engineered to withstand its own immense weight. The famous opening at the top, the oculus, actually reduces stress on the structure, (24) __________ also lets in a dramatic beam of light.

In conclusion, the dome is more than just a roof; it is a sophisticated solution to an engineering problem. It showcases a deep understanding of forces and materials. Seldom do we find such a perfect blend of artistic beauty and scientific principle in a single architectural form.

Across the globe, the concept of 'family' is undergoing a profound transformation. What was once a large, multi-generational household sharing one roof is giving way to smaller, more nuclear units. This shift, driven by societal and economic factors, reflects a global trend towards individualism and changing living preferences. In many developed nations, independent households are now the norm for young adults. But what does this mean for Vietnam, where multi-generational living has historically been central to cultural identity? [I]

For centuries, the traditional Vietnamese family emphasized community, intergenerational living, and deep respect for elders. Filial piety, or 'hiếu thảo,' is a deeply ingrained value, requiring children to care for and honor parents and grandparents. This often meant multiple generations living together, sharing responsibilities and joys. The eldest son typically held significant responsibility, and family decisions were often made collectively, guided by elders' wisdom. [II]

Modern Vietnam is experiencing rapid urbanization and economic development, reshaping these traditions. As young people move to cities for education and careers, multi-generational living becomes less practical. [III] This evolving dynamic often becomes a lively topic during family gatherings, especially during the annual Tết holiday. It’s a period when the clash between modern aspirations and traditional expectations is keenly felt.

For teenagers, these changes aren't abstract; they directly impact daily life. In multi-generational homes, chores might be shared, but privacy can be limited. In smaller, nuclear families, there's more personal space, yet also greater individual household responsibilities. This shift also shapes future expectations. [IV] Will you live with your parents after school and career, as your grandparents likely did? Or will you seek independence sooner, balancing autonomy with family connection? These are questions many young Vietnamese confront.

So, is the traditional Vietnamese family changing forever? While household structures are evolving, core values like filial piety and strong family bonds remain profoundly important. Young Vietnamese adults still feel deep responsibility towards their parents, even when living separately. These changes reflect an adaptation to modern realities, not a rejection of heritage. Perhaps the Vietnamese family isn't vanishing, but transforming – balancing cherished traditions with the demands of a modernizing world, proving resilient and adaptable.